Have had many ideas that didn't work.
Water-based urethanes/polyurethanes are OK as topcoats imo. However, they likely aren't as durable as epoxy. I've used water-based polyurethane varnish plenty of times before. It's thin and will come off, eventually, like an orange peel when fished around rocks.
I like your idea of trying again. I am curious and hope that it's successful.
Another you might try is Triple Thick Gloss Glaze. I like it as it holds up better in aquatic environments. It's relatively inexpensive and thicker, to last longer. It's #2 on my short list of topcoats for painted jig eyes.